Blackheads: What They Look Like, Treatment & Prevention (Video Below)

Blackheads, a type of mild acne, form when pores become clogged with dead skin cells and oil, which then oxidize and darken when exposed to air. To remove them, you can use over-the-counter products containing salicylic acid, exfoliate regularly, and avoid touching your face. For persistent or deep blackheads, a dermatologist can offer professional extraction or prescription medications like retinoids.

Here’s a more detailed look at the causes and treatments:

Causes of Blackheads:

Clogged Pores:

Blackheads form when hair follicles (pores) become blocked with dead skin cells and excess sebum (oil).
Oxidation:

The dark appearance of blackheads is due to the interaction of the trapped material with oxygen, causing it to oxidize.
Other Factors:

Hormonal changes, certain medications, and even some cosmetics can contribute to increased oil production and potentially lead to blackheads.

How to Remove Blackheads:

1. Over-the-counter treatments:
Salicylic Acid: This beta hydroxy acid (BHA) helps exfoliate the skin and unclog pores, says La Roche-Posay.

Benzoyl Peroxide: This helps kill bacteria and reduce inflammation, especially helpful if blackheads are turning into inflamed pimples.

Exfoliating Scrubs: Gentle scrubs can help remove dead skin cells, but avoid harsh scrubs as they can irritate the skin.
2. Professional Extraction:
Dermatologist: A dermatologist can safely extract blackheads using specialized tools and techniques.

Mechanical Extraction: This involves using a tool to gently push out the contents of the clogged pore, according to Medanta.
3. Other Treatments:
Retinoids: These prescription-strength vitamin A derivatives help to unclog pores and promote skin cell turnover, according to Medanta.

Chemical Peels: These peels use acids to exfoliate the skin and improve skin texture, which can help with blackheads.

Honey and Tea Tree Oil: These natural remedies have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, according to Healthline.

Important Tips:

Avoid Squeezing:

Squeezing blackheads can lead to inflammation, scarring, and infection.
Gentle Cleansing:

Wash your face twice a day with a mild cleanser to remove excess oil and dirt.
Hydrate Skin:

Use oil-free moisturizers to maintain skin hydration without clogging pores.
Sun Protection:

Blackhead treatments can make skin more sensitive to the sun, so use sunscreen daily.
Consult a Dermatologist:

If you have persistent or severe blackheads, consult a dermatologist for appropriate treatment options.